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The common gateway interface (CGI) is a standard way for a Web server to pass a Web user's request to an application program and to receive data back in order to forward to the user. When the user requests a Web page (for example, by clicking on a highlighted word or entering a Web site address), the server sends back the requested page. However, when a user fills out a form on a Web page and sends it in, it usually needs to be processed by an application program. The Web server typically passes the form information to a small application program that processes the data and may send back a confirmation message. This method or convention for passing data back and forth between the server and the application is called the common gateway interface (CGI).
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The common gateway interface provides a consistent way for data to be passed from the user's request to the application program and back to the user. This means that the person who writes the application program can make sure it gets used no matter which operating system the server uses. It is simply a basic way for information to be passed from the Web server about your request to the application program and back again.
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Because the interface is consistent, a programmer can write a CGI application in a number of different languages. The most popular languages for CGI applications are: C, C++, Perl, Python and Unix shell scripts. An alternative to a CGI application is Microsoft's Active Server Page (ASP) or PHP, see above for details.
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